Structured archive

Case Files

Sourced and structured entries for strange reports, historical puzzles, folklore, hoaxes and anomalies.

Structured case files132 entries
The Miracle of the Sun: Witnesses at Fátima in 1917 feature image

Occult & Psychical Research

The Miracle of the Sun: Witnesses at Fátima in 1917

The Fátima crowd event is historically documented, while its cause and religious meaning remain disputed. Testimony, expectation, optics and weather must be kept distinct.

disputedpublicCova da Iria, Fátima; exact public site pin13 October 1917
D. B. Cooper: Ransom, Airstairs and a Vanishing Suspect feature image

Disappearances & Unresolved Identities

D. B. Cooper: Ransom, Airstairs and a Vanishing Suspect

The D. B. Cooper case has a secure crime, crew testimony and recoverable evidence, but hundreds of named suspects have not produced a documented identification.

uncertainpublicSouth-west Washington flight corridor; representative pin near Ariel24 November 1971; ransom money recovered in 1980
The Saint Augustine Monster: From Giant Octopus to Whale Tissue feature image

Cryptids & Animal Reports

The Saint Augustine Monster: From Giant Octopus to Whale Tissue

The Saint Augustine Monster was a real stranded carcass whose decayed form misled early observers. Preserved samples support degraded whale tissue, not a giant octopus.

explainedpublicAnastasia Island near St Augustine, Florida; approximate discovery-area pinNovember 1896–1897; modern testing in 1995
The Exeter Incident: Five Red Lights Before Dawn feature image

UFOs & Aerial Phenomena

The Exeter Incident: Five Red Lights Before Dawn

The Exeter incident has named witnesses and a substantial official file, but no photograph or physical trace. “Unidentified” records insufficient resolution, not an extraordinary craft.

uncertainpublicKensington, near Exeter, New Hampshire; approximate field-area pin3 September 1965
The Mystery Airships of 1896–97: Invention in the Night Sky feature image

UFOs & Aerial Phenomena

The Mystery Airships of 1896–97: Invention in the Night Sky

The 1896–97 mystery-airship wave mixed ambiguous lights, invention fever, jokes and newspaper storytelling. No verified machine accounts for the national narrative.

folklorepublicSacramento, California; representative pin for a nationwide newspaper waveNovember 1896–May 1897
The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: Odours, Fear and a Wartime Town feature image

Hoaxes, Misidentifications & Media

The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: Odours, Fear and a Wartime Town

The Mad Gasser episode combined sincere symptoms, ordinary odours, rumour and alarming press coverage. A coordinated chemical assailant was never established.

explainedpublicMattoon, Illinois; representative town pinLate August–September 1944
The Bloop: An Ocean Sound Traced to Breaking Ice feature image

Scientific Anomalies & Natural Phenomena

The Bloop: An Ocean Sound Traced to Breaking Ice

The Bloop was a real hydrophone recording, but not evidence of a giant animal. NOAA’s later Antarctic observations identified the same sound family in large icequakes.

explainedpublicSouth Pacific Ocean; representative acoustic-source-region pinRecorded in 1997; icequake identification developed by 2005
Mary Toft: The Rabbit Births That Fooled Georgian Doctors feature image

Hoaxes, Misidentifications & Media

Mary Toft: The Rabbit Births That Fooled Georgian Doctors

Mary Toft’s rabbit-birth claims were a documented medical hoax. The case reveals unequal power, weak observation and the speed with which professional authority can magnify a spectacle.

hoaxpublicGodalming, Surrey; representative town pinSeptember–December 1726
Ape Canyon: Miners, Stones and the Night on Mount St Helens feature image

Cryptids & Animal Reports

Ape Canyon: Miners, Stones and the Night on Mount St Helens

The Ape Canyon incident became a foundation story in Pacific Northwest Bigfoot lore. The miners were identifiable, but the creatures and attack survive through testimony and press retelling.

folklorepublicApe Canyon, Mount St Helens; approximate historic mining-area pinJuly 1924
Lake Nyos: The Night a Lake Released a Silent Cloud feature image

Scientific Anomalies & Natural Phenomena

Lake Nyos: The Night a Lake Released a Silent Cloud

The Lake Nyos disaster was caused by a limnic eruption: deep water saturated with volcanic carbon dioxide overturned and released a dense, suffocating cloud.

explainedpublicLake Nyos, Northwest Region; exact lake pin21 August 1986
The Kentucky Meat Shower: Flesh From a Clear Sky feature image

Scientific Anomalies & Natural Phenomena

The Kentucky Meat Shower: Flesh From a Clear Sky

The Kentucky Meat Shower was a documented fall of animal tissue, not weather creating meat. Conflicting identifications and absent surviving evidence leave the source probable rather than certain.

uncertainpublicOlympia Springs, Bath County, Kentucky; approximate pin3 March 1876
The Greenbrier Ghost: Testimony, Exhumation and a Murder Verdict feature image

Hauntings & Apparitions

The Greenbrier Ghost: Testimony, Exhumation and a Murder Verdict

The Greenbrier Ghost story grew around the 1897 death of Zona Shue and the conviction of her husband. Folklore influenced suspicion, while physical findings supported the prosecution.

folklorepublicGreenbrier County, West Virginia; representative county pinJanuary–July 1897